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Most of the dairy cattle which provide the commercial milk supply in Asia are imported breeds such as Jersey and Holstein. They originated in temperate countries, and their optimum temperature range is 5-23°C. Temperatures in Asian countries are often much higher than this. In tropical countries, temperatures are generally in the thirties, and for short periods may be even higher than this.

The production of milk is directly related to the level of feed consumption. In hot weather, cattle generally reduce their feed intake. It has been estimated that at 40oC, feed intake (on a dry matter basis) is only about half that eaten by cows living in their optimum temperature range. As a result, milk production falls. Read the rest of this entry »

Feeding Management Practices

1. Feed animals daily with concentrate one to two kilograms per day during fattening period. Give roughage daily at 3% of body weight if given air dry or 14% if given fresh.
2. Give clean water without limit or ad libitum. Provide ordinary table salt about 30-50 grams per head per day.
3. Give the animals fresh, palatable feed and clean water at all times. Reduction of feed intake by 5 percent will reduce weight gain by 10 percent. Do not overstock feeds in the feedbunk since the bottom portion will develop heat and make the feed stale. Read the rest of this entry »

Beef has come to seem a hazardous substance. If years of warnings about the dangers of saturated fat and heart disease weren’t enough, Eric Schlosser’s book Fast Food Nation (2001) — with its graphic and disturbing picture of the inhumane working conditions of meatpackers and the contamination from criminally rushed slaughtering and processing — made clear that it is unwise if not foolhardy to eat beef ground by anyone but yourself.

Almost all cattle raised for beef are force-fed corn (which costs less to buy than it does to grow), and the resulting stress makes it necessary to keep them on high doses of antibiotics. “Finishing” for corn-fed beef takes place on vast feedlots, where cattle raised in many parts of the world are trucked to a miserable end. Read the rest of this entry »

Hog raising is a very popular enterprise in the Philippines such that there is a proliferation of backyard producers, which dominates the swine industry and a healthy viable commercial sector.

Despite the crises facing the swine industry, still many people are venturing in this enterprise. This manual hopes to bring appropriate technology to the interested farmers and would-be swine producers in order that they may realize profitable production and improve their quality of life.

Swine is believed to be the earliest animal to be domesticated, proven by paintings and carvings of pigs that date back to 25,000 years have been found. Swine is one of agriculture’s best sources of income and a very good source of protein.
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Chicken broiler and egg production are the most progressive animal enterprises in the Philippines today. The poultry industry in fact began as the backyard enterprise but has shifted to the formation of very large integrated contract farming operations.

The growth of poultry industry in the Philippines has been impressive but its problems include inefficient management and the prevalence of many destructive poultry diseases and parasites cannot be ignored.

This manual provides technology and management know-how for poultry raising which we hope present poultry raisers and prospective poultry producers may find useful in effectively managing their poultry farms and also help them realize substantial financial returns from their enterprise in this period or high production cost inputs. Read the rest of this entry »